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Meaning of Presentment Presentment means to present or show the negotiable instrument. A party to the negotiable instrument has to present (show) the instrument to the other party for various reasons. Like for instance, the drawer of a bill of exchange has to present (show) the bill to the drawee so that the drawee accepts the bill, only then the bill shall become enforceable by law. Similarly all kinds of negotiable instruments have to be presented (shown) to the paying party (i.e. the maker of a promissory note, the drawee of a bill of exchange and the banker for cheque) so that the payment is done by the paying party. RULES REGARDING PRESENTMENT FOR PAYMENT   (1) Non presentment leads to discharge of other parties (Section 64)   The holder of a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque must present for payment to the maker, acceptor or drawee respectively at a proper place and at a proper time. In default of such presentment, the other parties thereto are not liable there...

  PROVISIONS REGARDING WELFARE (Sections 42 to 50) The Factories Act, 1948 under the heading, "Welfare" prescribes the various provisions contained in sections 42 to 50 in context to the basic welfare amenities to be provided to the workers employed in the factories. These basic welfare facilities act as a strong morale booster for the workers working in the factories. These amenities not only motivate an employee to give his best performance but also increase the efficiency of the workers, that ultimately enhances the overall output of the factory. The object of various provisions regarding welfare : - to provided adequate welfare facilities to all workers employed in the factories.  - to ensure the availability of basic amenities such as washing facilities, sitting facilities, canteens, lunch rooms, rest rooms, etc that affect the performance of workers. - to provide special facilities to women workers, specifically crèches for children. The provisions regarding "welfa...

Explain provision regarding health for workers under Factories Act,1948.   PROVISIONS REGARDING HEALTH (Section 11-20) The Factories Act 1948 under the heading 'Health' enumerates the various requirements relating to cleanliness, ventilation, overcrowding etc., provided for in Sections 11 to 20. This section is confined to cleanliness. The section imposes an obligation on the occupier to keep the factory in clean state and elaborate details and prescribes the method in which it is to done.   The Object of Provisions Regarding Health:   - to make provisions to maintain a healthy state of cleanliness in a factory to form general directions to keep a factory free from effluences and waste material - resulting from the manufacturing process carried on in a factory. - to make adequate arrangements for maintaining adequate ventilation, coding, lighting and temperature in a factory. - to prevent overcrowding in a factory and make adequate provisions for the supply of drinking w...

Special provisions regarding workers working in hazardous processes under Factories Act ?   PROVISIONS RELATING TO HAZARDOUS PROCESSES (Sections 41A TO 41H) The Factories Act, 1948 under the heading "Provisions relating to hazardous processes" enumerates the various provisions in context to the hazardous processes. The object of provisions:   - to appoint a Site Appraisal Committee that shall grant permission for location of a factory involving a hazardous process. - to ensure that proper disclosures are done by the occupier of every factory where hazardous processes are carried on. - to ensure proper precautions are taken by the occupier of a factory regarding the hazardous processes, such as maintenance of health records of workers involved in such processes, etc The provisions regarding hazardous processes under sections 41 A to 41 H are as follows- (1) CONSTITUTION OF SITE APPRAISAL COMMITTEE (SECTION 41 A)   For the purpose of granting permission for the initial loca...

VIDEO CONFERENCING It is an arrangement which facilitates the speakers to communicate with each other in different localities using public telephone links. Participants of the conference located in different geographical distance areas can discuss issues by using their terminals that are linked together viz the telecommunication network. Usually, group communication takes place in person, in the same room, but new technology provides a facility for discussion with a group of persons on the internet. You can conduct a meeting, hold a group discussion or brief people scattered across the country or around the World You can consult a number of experts through computers using group decision support systems for their views before making a decision or for finalizing a plan of action. In teleconferencing, the attention is focused on the idea or concept that is being communicated. This is the advantage of the method but sometimes this overemphasis on the message with a corresponding neglect of...

E-MAIL Electronic mail, most commonly referred to as email or e-mail since approximately 1993, is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. Historically, the term electronic mail was used generically for any electronic document transmission. An Internet email message consists of three components, the message envelope, the message header, and the message body. The message header contains control information, including, minimally,...